CES1 and metabolic disease: Most recently, it was shown that hepatocyte-specific overexpression of human CES1 in mice promotes FAO and attenuates high-fat/high-cholesterol/high-fructose diet- or alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and hyperlipidemia, strongly suggesting a protective role of hepatic CES1 against metabolic disorders (Xu et al., 2020).