The Nrf2 dependence of the expression of CES1 was further confirmed by using the human colorectal cancer cell line DLD1 and its Nrf2-KO and Nrf2-gain-of-function mutant isogenic lines that were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing (Torrente et al., 2017): compared with Nrf2-WT, the mRNA levels for CES1 were 8.4-fold higher in Nrf2-gain-of-function DLD1 cells, whereas these levels were 75% lower in their Nrf2-KO counterparts (Figure S6F). This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and colorectal cancer.