Whereas, using similar techniques, type C cHCC-ICC was associated more closely with poorly differentiated HCC features such as increased expression of liver cell markers (APOE, GPC3 and SALL4), more frequent TP53 mutations, enrichment in immune pathways within the tumor microenvironment and raised serum AFP levels (2, 19, 53). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.