As in HCC and ICC, non-coding alterations are common in cHCC-ICC, for example large cohorts have shown 22.9% of cases with TERT promoter mutations and 29.7% of cases with NEAT1 (an intergenic non-coding RNA gene for a long non-coding RNA) alterations, but detailed comparisons to HCC and ICC and how to target these changes therapeutically are not yet clear (19, 48–50). This evidence concerns the gene TERT and hepatocellular carcinoma.