Chemotherapy can enhance the immune response regained by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors by a series of underlying mechanisms, such as strengthening the sensitivity of tumor cells to the lysis effect of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) (10), increasing the immunogenicity of tumor cells (11), reducing immunosuppressive cells by inducing cell apoptosis (12, 13), and promoting the antitumor immune response by changing the tumor microenvironment (14). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.