TNF and autoimmune disease: By binding to AREs in the 5ʹ‐ and 3ʹ‐untranslated regions, KSRP recruits several enzymes involved in the mRNA decay.[30] KSRP‐deleted astrocytes were demonstrated to produce high levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β, which cause a wide range of inflammatory pathologies of the central nervous system and autoimmune diseases.[31] Franziska et al.