Modulation of immune responses through inhibitors of programmed death-1 may be enhanced by the potential immunogenic effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy, such as increasing the potential for antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells after the destruction of tumor cells [17], inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells [18], increasing the ratio of cytotoxic lymphocytes to regulatory T cells [19], and blocking the STAT6 pathway to enhance dendritic-cell activity [20]. This evidence concerns the gene STAT6 and neoplasm.