IL6 and vascular dementia: In terms of in vivo studies, Luo et al. found that the expression of proinflammatory M1 cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, was significantly downregulated, whereas the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, was upregulated by PF treatment in hippocampal tissues of vascular dementia rat models [22].