SOAT1 and viral infectious disease: The main innate immune pathways of insects are present in honey bees and respond to virus infections (Evans et al., 2006; Brutscher et al., 2015), including the Toll, Janus kinase and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT), Immune Deficiency (Imd), c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase (JNK) pathways, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), endocytosis, and phagocytosis mechanisms (Brutscher et al., 2015).