BTN3A1 and neoplasm: In addition, recent studies have revealed that BTN2A1 was another ligand that cooperated with BTN3A1 to activate Vδ2 T cells (20, 60).Studies have shown that a TP53 gene mutation would lead to the activation of the mevalonate pathway in cancer cells, resulting in the accumulation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and its isomer dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) in tumor cells (61).