MIF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Other cytokines and myokines, such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), are elevated in inflammatory conditions such as obesity (Dandona et al., 2004) and T2D (Yabunaka et al., 2000) and have modulatory roles in glucose homeostasis (Atsumi et al., 2007; Miyatake et al., 2014).