NLRP3 and cystic fibrosis: Recently, it has been demonstrated that also azithromycin and erythromycin (macrolides used in antibiotic CF therapies) inhibit the activation of inflammasome NLRP3 and NLRC4, which attenuated lung injury and inflammation enhancing the P. aeruginosa clearance in mice and in bronchiectasis patients (Figure 2) (Fan et al., 2017).