In addition, it suppresses mRNA transcription, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) expression in renal tubular epithelial cells in order to reduce urinary protein and renal fibrosis, ameliorate renal function to protect against CGN deterioration mediated by regulating MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and others (Zheng et al., 2008; He et al., 2011; Zeng et al., 2014; Lian et al., 2014; Lin et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2018). Here, THBS1 is linked to childhood gender nonconformity.