NTFs, like Glial cell-line Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF), Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor (CDNF), Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived Neurotrophic Factor (MANF), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs), and others have been through preclinical and clinical trials for PD and HD (Figure 2). The gene discussed is MANF; the disease is Huntington disease.