In addition, genetic models such as Tak1hep-/- or Mdr2-/- mice representing chronic liver injury, MUP-uPA transgenic mice representing continuous hepatic ER stress, and Stelic Animal Model (STAM) representing metabolic disorders-induced HCC, were also commonly used in the study of molecular regulatory mechanisms in hepatocarcinogenesis30–33. The gene discussed is MUPP; the disease is metabolic disease.