The second sensitivity analysis showed significantly increased total diabetes healthcare costs for the ‘only metformin’ (€7.38 (95% CI €4.38 to €10.37), p<0.001) and the ‘other blood glucose-lowering drugs’ group (€13.56 (95% CI €8.51 to €18.61), p<0.001), whereas significantly decreased costs were found for the ‘insulin’ group (−€58.09 (95% CI −€67.83 to −€48.35), p<0.001). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.