IGHE and allergic disease: We found the risk factors associated with ‘any ARD ever’ to include a father’s [2.64 (1.89–3.70)] and mother’s history of allergic disease [2.21 (1.70–2.86)]; city residence at birth [2.12 (1.26–3.57)]; exposure to farm animals in first 5 years of life [1.41 (1.11–1.80)]; the highest reported frequency of de-worming in the last 12 months [2.12 (1.51–2.99)]; and ‘trucks passing on the street near home’ currently [2.18 (1.25–3.78)]; positive SPT [1.91 (1.49–2.46)] and elevated FENO [1.92 (1.40–2.64)], but not asIgE or total IgE (Table 5).