NPHS1 and diabetes mellitus: Figure 1B shows that the urinary pellet podocin:nephrin mRNA ratio (UPPod:Neph, podocyte hypertrophic stress marker) was significantly increased in all diabetics in the cohort regardless of degree of albuminuria as follows: norm-albuminuric (8.4-fold, P < 0.01), micro-albuminuric (9.6-fold, P < 0.01) and macro-albuminuric groups (12.4-fold, P < 0.01), respectively compared to controls.