However, our findings that VCAM-1 is not upregulated at 3 or 24 h in the haematomal or perihaematomal (Fig. 4a, b) region after ICH do not align with the haemorrhagic stroke data from Gauberti et al.13 which showed a wide perihaematomal distribution of VCAM-1 in the acute phase of ICH in the same model as ours. Here, VCAM1 is linked to hemorrhagic stroke.