Paired specimens from HCC patients are difficult to obtain before initiating sorafenib treatment and post-development of sorafenib resistance due to ethical issues; alternatively, miR-30a-5p and CLCF1 transcript levels in 20 primary HCC and paired adjacent normal tissue samples were evaluated by real-time PCR (Table 2). The gene discussed is CLCF1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.