IFNB1 and infection: To determine a distinctive effect of various oral bacterial species on IFN-β induction, hollow titanium cylinders were implanted subcutaneously in highly sensitive luciferase reporter mice followed by infections with four taxonomically diverse pathogens, i.e., Streptococcus oralis from the Firmicutes phylum, proteobacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis from the Bacteroidetes phylum or spirochaete Treponema denticola (Figure S1).