Thus, in many cancer types, the Ras pathway activates downstream effector by stimulating platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [61], e.g., phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), inositol triphosphate (PIP3), and Rac1. Here, EGFR is linked to cancer.