A proteomic study of samples from Korean women to identify differentially expressed proteins between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and matched normal tissue showed that PDIA3 was highly up-regulated relative to the normal tissue in both DCIS and IDC and correlated with lymph node metastasis [20]. This evidence concerns the gene PDIA3 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ.