DDIT3 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: It was also reported that the combination treatment of lenvatinib and iodine-131 increased the expression of ATF-6, IER1 RERK, CHOP, JNK, p38, and caspase 3 in NPC cells, indicating that the treatment-induced apoptosis of NPC cells by upregulating ER stress.190 Recently, Pan et al. found that the use of a curcumin compound (B63) can promote cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, and arrest the cell at the G2/M stage.