BRAF and neoplasm: Nicotine negatively regulates miR-296-3p which directly targets the Ras/Braf/Erk/Mek/c-Myc pathway mediated by oncogenic protein MK2, promoting cytoplasmic transposition of c-Myc and the chemotherapy resistance, cell cycle progression, and EMT process of NPC.68 HIF-1 signal pathway is mainly regulated by the stability and activity of HIF-1α, and the overexpression of HIF-1α can lead to poor prognosis of NPC.199 Chen et al.200 constructed a kind of nanoparticle that can load HIF-1α siRNA, which has an inhibitive effect on tumor growth in CNE-2 tumor models.