By reducing the level of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1), miR-138-5p increases eIF4E, enhancing the autophagy of NPC cells induced by radiotherapy.229 MiR-101 enhances radiation-induced autophagy and radiation sensitivity of tumor cells by targeting Stathmin 1 (STMN1).230 By inhibiting nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), miR-504 interferes with mitochondrial-mediated oxidation reaction and enhances radioresistance.231. Here, NRF1 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.