Compared to the patients with uterine fibroids, patients with secondary TFI showed significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, and TGF-β1 in the serum samples, whereas the serum cytokine concentrations were not statistically significant between patients with primary TFI and the control group (Table 1). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is uterine corpus leiomyoma.