Compared to the patients with uterine fibroids, patients with secondary TFI showed significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, and TGF-β1 in the serum samples, whereas the serum cytokine concentrations were not statistically significant between patients with primary TFI and the control group (Table 1). Here, CXCL8 is linked to uterine corpus leiomyoma.