MAPT and Alzheimer disease: Elevation in pro-inflammatory signals can mediate dysfunctional protein handling, in the form of elevations in amyloid β and hyperphosphorylation of tau.27 Given the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurogenerative diseases that are defined by neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, and protein misfolding, exposure to air pollution might serve as an important risk factor in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease pathology and concomitant neurobehavioural deficits.