The association between these SNVs and AD is not always robust to APOE adjustment.9,10 Both SNVs are also associated with memory and cognitive function, cerebral spinal fluid biomarkers for immune response,11 oxidative stress markers,9 and longevity.12,13,14 However, because both SNVs are in moderate LD (0.2 < r2 < 0.8) with rs429358, these associations may not be independent of the ε4 allele. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and Alzheimer disease.