CX3CL1 and cytomegalovirus infection: Direct CMV infection causes vascular EC injury [117, 118], enhancing adhesiveness, and EC damage caused by CMV leads to the synthesis and expression of CX3CL1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and other molecules [119-123].