In further exploring the role of TBC1D1 interactors, we focussed specifically on both VPS13C, because polymorphisms near its gene locus have previously been associated with type 2 diabetes risk and glycaemic traits51–59, and VPS13A, as it is the closest VPS13C paralogue of the VPS13 proteins42. The gene discussed is VPS13A; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.