We xenotransplanted aliquots of three AML samples with highly branching clonal structure (AML38-001, AML-41-001, and AML67-001) into immunodeficient mice (PDX: patient derived xenograft) and analyzed engrafted human CD45+ cells using scDNA-seq (Fig. 4a and Supplementary Fig. 11a). This evidence concerns the gene PTPRC and acute myeloid leukemia.