It is well acknowledged that miRNA-mediated dysregulation of various mRNAs and related signaling pathways regulatory networks play key roles in regulating GBM progression, EMT, recurrence and TMZ resistance, such as the miR128/JAK2/C-JUN, miR21/PI3K/AKT and miR16/Bcl2 axis41,42. This evidence concerns the gene JAK2 and glioblastoma.