CD4 and mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4a: CrAg screening of patients with AHD starting antiretroviral therapy (ART), with targeted preemptive fluconazole for CrAg-positive patients, has been shown to reduce incident CM and all-cause mortality (4) and is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for those starting or reinitiating ART with a CD4 T-cell count of <200/μl (5).