In a study conducted in China on adult patients with CNS infection, including TBM (n = 17), purulent meningitis (n = 13), and cryptococcal meningitis (n = 13), CSF levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, and CD40L were ≥2-fold higher in the TBM group than in the control group (83), with IL-6 reported as the most important cytokine for differentiating CNS infection from controls (83). Here, TNF is linked to meningeal tuberculosis.