Of importance, four gene products, namely, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 3 (SERPINA3), thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP/ECGF1), and heat shock 70 kDA protein 8 (HSPA8), were confirmed to be abundant in TBM patients with HIV coinfection (96). This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and coinfection.