IFNA1 and infection: In 2014, Baric's group found a clear association of repressive histone modification Histone 3-Lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) with down-regulated interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) following both MERS-CoV and influenza viruses A/influenza/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1-VN1203) infection [59]; consequently, despite transcription factors and signaling pathways activation, the repressed state physically prevents transcription of these genes.