In 2008, Papewalis and colleagues reported on a small number of cancer patients with metastasized medullary thyroid carcinoma immunized with Ag-pulsed IFN-DC [39], showing an increase of Ag-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells, a Th1-cytokine pattern, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction following injection with calcitonin-pulsed DC, with dense infiltration with CD8+ cells as assessed by immunohistochemical analyses. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and cancer.