In this report, we detected proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-21, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines in patients with SNS, ANS, and NNS and determined their association with markers of microglia activation and neuronal injury (sTREM2 and NFL), aiming to investigate the roles of these factors in the pathogenesis and progression of NS. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is Netherton syndrome.