Another E3 ubiquitin ligase UBE3C belongs to the ubiquitin ligase HECT family of proteins; it is highly expressed in melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, endometrial cancer, and colorectal cancer, and participates in the occurrence and development of tumors by enhancing epithelial–mesenchymal transformation or activating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway37–39. Here, CTNNB1 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.