In addition, the plate-bound RA autoantibodies stimulated the release of substantial levels of chemokines by monocytes, including CXCL8 and CCL2 (Figures 2(c) and 2(d)), which may provide chemotactic signaling for the infiltration of myeloid lineage cells into the inflamed lesion [33]. Here, CCL2 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.