The response to VPA varies in other inflammation models, for instance, it promotes an anti-inflammatory environment mediated by increased IL-10 production in a model of ischemia/reperfusion injury37; reduces serum IL-12p40 levels in the Pam3csk4-induced toxic shock model8; and strongly decreases TNF-α levels in bronchial-alveolar lavage in a LPS-induced acute lung damage model38. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is ischemia.