The association of human genetic mutations in actin-related genes such as ACTN4 (encoding actinin-4 protein)38, CD2AP (encoding CD2-associated protein)39, INF2 (encoding inverted formin-2 protein)40, and MYO1E (encoding myosin IE protein)41, with a pathogenesis of the nephrotic syndrome, has indicated the importance of actin cytoskeleton regulation. This evidence concerns the gene ACTN4 and nephrotic syndrome.