A series of studies, in vitro and in vivo, affirmed the function of recombinant Gal-9 in promoting apoptosis, regulating tumor immunity, and inhibiting carcinoma progression.52 53 65–68 The pharmacokinetics of exogenous Gal-9 was investigated in mouse model,69 while less studies were available in humans. This evidence concerns the gene LGALS9 and carcinoma.