IL4 and Stroke: The increase of TGFβ+-astrocytes in RAM-589.555-treated mice corroborates demonstrations from previous studies that TGFβ+-astrocytes exhibit beneficial effects by limiting immune cell infiltration after stroke [43] and by secreting fundamental anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, which decrease proliferation and activation of infiltrating immune cells and support remyelination by promoting oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation [44].