CD38 upregulation can be induced in CD38low adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells by treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a clinically accepted compound used to treat patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), thus exposing leukemic cells to recognition by CD38 CAR T cells [84]. The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.