SOD1 and schizophrenia: Heightened OS in those with schizophrenia can occur through disruptions to the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), [94,95,96,97,98,99,100], as well as via increased levels of the lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [23,85,101], and lower antioxidant levels in the cerebrospinal fluid, red blood cells, serum, and plasma [102,103].