To further examine the role of MIC-1 for its predictive utility in the disparity of prostate cancer, we had access to the limited number of urine samples collected at the time of diagnosis from prostate cancer patients (African American = 10; and Caucasians = 15), whereas healthy donors (African American; n = 14) served as the control (Figure 3). The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is prostate carcinoma.