A comparative analysis among urine samples showed significantly higher urine MIC-1 level in prostate cancer patients of African American race (median = 5959.4, range = 1564.0 to 19,411.8) as compared to Caucasian patients (median = 3263.6, range = 356.8 to 10,481.8; p = 0.03) or healthy African American donors (median = 3601.8, range = 94.9 to 5273.7; p = 0.01). Here, GDF15 is linked to prostate carcinoma.