Increased CP expression is also observed in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [286] and Alzheimer’s disease [287], where its cerebrospinal fluid levels predict cognitive decline and brain atrophy in patients with underlying Aβ pathologies [287] and where CP has been postulated to act to defend against neurodegenerative diseases [288]. The gene discussed is CP; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.