PIK3CD and common variable immunodeficiency: Symptomatic therapeutic strategies for APDS-1 recall the ones used for Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID): immunoglobulin replacement treatment (IgRT) and antibiotic cycles to prevent and treat infections, immunosuppression to control lymphoproliferation and autoimmune manifestations [9,18], while the hyper-activation of PI3K signaling pathway in APDS-1 enabled targeted therapy in the form of mTOR inhibitors [19].