In addition, ceramides such as those that accumulate in tissues that develop insulin resistance [79,80], also accumulate in β-cells subjected to ER stress in an iPLA2β-dependent process that involves activation of SREBP-1 [85,86,87,88], which is of interest in the context of involvement of SREBP-1 activation in the pathogenesis of hyperinsulinemia-driven amplification of hepatic lipogenesis in the evolution of T2D [76,77,78]. This evidence concerns the gene SREBF1 and Hyperinsulinemia.