NES and brain ischemia: The upregulation of nestin in reactive astroglia has been observed in several diseases, e.g., cerebral ischemia, hippocampal excitotoxicity lesions, traumatic brain injury, and after MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) exposure (Chen et al. 2002; Wei et al. 2002).