INS and breast cancer: In particular, by using publicly available gene datasets, we recently identified a gene signature based on the differential expression of 15 genes related to the insulin (27%), chronic inflammation (30%), and IGF pathways (40%) that was strongly associated with disease-free survival in early breast cancer.152 These data suggest that it is possible to identify a subset of BC patients whose prognosis is modulated by a set of genes related to the insulin pathway.