HIF1A and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: In order to further investigate the difference in survival between stratification based on CNV versus mRNA expression, the CNV and mRNA expression of HIF1A in each ccRCC sample of the TCGA dataset was mapped, along with the CNV and mRNA expression of L2HGDH (Fig. 2B), a recently characterized epigenetic modulating ccRCC tumor suppressor gene with a marked impact on survival44, which happens to be located only ~ 11.5Mbp from HIF1A on 14q (Fig. 2A).