Second, pretreatment RDW-CV value has an evidently positive correlation with serum PSA levels in patients with PCa19,21; therefore, the mean RDW-CV and RDW-SD values of gray area patients with PCa would, to a large extent, be lower than those of overall patients with PCa and may only be slighter higher than those of individuals without prostate (and hematological) diseases. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and urogenital neoplasm.